Financial sanctions, as lump sum and penalty payments, can be imposed to Member States that failed to implement a judgement establishing an infringement.This mechanism was introduced by the Oven Dish Maastricht Treaty and further developed by the Lisbon Treaty.This paper is an analysis of Article 260 TFEU and examines the evolution of the mechanism
Despite the developments in the global modelling of chemistry and of the parameterization of the physical processes, carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations remain underestimated during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter by most state-of-the-art chemistry transport models.The consequential model bias can in principle originate from either an underestimati
The paper (in two parts) presents an overview of the new guidelines MR 2.6.1.0333-23 (approved on 01 December 2023) that supersede guidelines MU 2.6.1.2838-11, which were used for organizing radiation surveys of residential, public and industrial buildings and facilities and their sanitary assessment in terms of radiation safety indicators over the
Neurons encode information in sequences of spikes, which are triggered when their membrane potential crosses a threshold.In vivo, the spiking threshold displays large variability suggesting that threshold dynamics have a profound influence on how the combined input of a neuron is encoded in the spiking.Threshold variability could be explained by ad
There are concerns on the amount of decommissioned solar photovoltaic (PV) power systems Safety Pants devices getting into waste streams but with feeble management strategies in place.This paper evaluated the management of e-waste emanating from the use of solar PV powered systems at their end-of-life in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria using 90 int